Sunday, July 22, 2007

Role of the Nuclear Engineer

The nuclear engineer plays a very central role in the development and application of nuclear energy since he is uniquely characterized by his ability to assist in both the nuclear design of fission reactors and their integration into large power systems. In the early days of the reactor industry a nuclear engineer was usually regarded as a reactor physicist, primarily concerned with nuclear reactor core research and design. Today, however, nuclear engineers are needed not only by research laboratories and reactor manufacturers to develop and design nuclear reactors, but also by the electrical utilities who buy and operate the nuclear power plants, and by the engineering companies who build the power plants and service them during their operating lifetimes. Nuclear engineers are also needed by the regulatory agencies that regulate and assess the safety of the operating plants.
An understanding of core physics is not sufficient for today's nuclear engineer. He must also learn how to interface his specialized knowledge of nuclear reactor theory with the myriad of other engineering demands made upon a nuclear power reactor and with a variety of other disciplines, including mechanical, electrical, and civil engineering, metallurgy, and even economics (and politics), just as specialists of these other disciplines must learn to interact with nuclear engineers. In this sense, he must recognize that the nuclear analysis of a reactor is only one facet to be considered in nuclear power engineering. To study and master it outside of the context of these other disciplines would be highly inadvisable. In the same sense, those electrical, mechanical, or structural engineers who find themselves involved in various aspects of nuclear power station design (as ever increasing numbers are) will also find knowledge of nuclear reactor theory is also useful in the understanding of nuclear components and interfacing with nuclear design.
Future nuclear engineers must face and solve complex problems such as those involved in nuclear reactor safety, environmental impact assessment, nuclear power plant reliability, and the nuclear fuel cycle, which span an enormous range of disciplines. They must always be concerned with the safety and environmental constraints in addition to economic design, construction, and operation of nuclear plants. Nuclear engineers will find themselves concerned with activities such as quality assurance, plant life extensions, efficient methods of refueling, component design, plant operational improvements and power up rating.



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